Title insurers utilize this recording system or their own geographically organized indices to produce an insurance policy for any purchaser of land, or estate in it, or mortgage lender if the premium is paid. Title insurers use their employees or agents to perform the necessary searches of the real property records and to make the determinations of who owns the record title and to what interests or encumbrances it is subject. The policies in Texas are uniform and promulgated by the Department of Insurance. The insurers carry, at a minimum, the financial reserves required by insurance regulation to compensate their insureds for valid claims they make under the policies. This is especially important in large commercial real estate transactions where many millions of dollars are invested or loaned in reliance on the validity of real estate titles. As stated above, the policies also require the insurers to pay for the costs of defense of their insureds in legal contests over what they have insured.